<p class="MsoNormal">Helium-3 (&sup3;He) is a rare and stable isotope of helium with two protons and one neutron, making it lighter than the more common helium-4. It is naturally produced in trace amounts through the decay of tritium and from cosmic ray interactions with the Earth's atmosphere. However, its concentration on Earth is extremely low, making it difficult and expensive to extract. Most of the helium-3 used today comes from nuclear weapons maintenance or tritium decay in nuclear reactors. It is a non-radioactive, non-toxic gas that can be safely handled under standard laboratory conditions.

<p class="MsoNormal">Helium-3 has garnered significant interest for its potential use in nuclear fusion as a clean and highly efficient energy source. When fused with deuterium, it produces large amounts of energy with minimal radioactive waste, unlike conventional fusion processes. This makes it a promising candidate for future energy solutions. In addition to energy research, helium-3 is used in cryogenics, particularly in dilution refrigerators that operate at extremely low temperatures, and in neutron detection equipment due to its high neutron absorption cross-section. There is growing interest in mining helium-3 from the Moon, where it is more abundant due to solar wind accumulation on the lunar surface.

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